RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although atorvastatin (ATV) is well-tolerated, patients may report muscle complaints. These are difficult to predict owing to high interindividual variability. Such side effects are linked to intramuscular accumulation of ATV. This study aimed to investigate the relative role of transporters expressed in muscle tissue in promoting or limiting drug access to cells. The impact of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SLCO2B1 coding for OATP2B1 and ABCC1 coding for MRP1 on ATV transport was also evaluated. METHODS: HEK293 cells were stably transfected with plasmids containing cDNA encoding wild-type or variant SLCO2B1 and/or ABCC1 to generate single and double stable transfectant HEK293 recombinant models overexpressing variant or wild-type OATP2B1 (influx) and/or MRP1 (efflux) proteins. Variant plasmids were generated by site-directed mutagenesis. Expression analyses were performed to validate recombinant models. Accumulation and efflux experiments were performed at different concentrations. ATV was quantified by LC-MS/MS, and kinetic parameters were compared between single and double HEK transfectants expressing wild-type and variant proteins. RESULTS: The results confirm the involvement of OATP2B1 and MRP1 in ATV cellular transport because it was demonstrated that intracellular accumulation of ATV was boosted by OATP2B1 overexpression, whereas ATV accumulation was decreased by MRP1 overexpression. In double transfectants, it was observed that increased ATV intracellular accumulation driven by OATP2B1 influx was partially counteracted by MRP1 efflux. The c.935G > A SNP in SLCO2B1 was associated with decreased ATV OATP2B1-mediated influx, whereas the c.2012G > T SNP in ABCC1 seemed to increase MRP1 efflux activity against ATV. CONCLUSIONS: Intracellular ATV accumulation is regulated by OATP2B1 and MRP1 transporters, whose functionality is modulated by natural genetic variants. This is significant because it may play a role in ATV muscle side-effect susceptibility.
